Ever catch yourself wondering what
is the sound of one word meaning two utterly opposite things? Well, I have your answer: it's [chuhft].
Having listened to a possibly inordinate amount of Harry Potter on audio, I occasionally find short British phrases running around loose, managing mischief in my head. Today for instance, I was writing an email when I heard the words
dead chuffed ringing through my cranium. So I dutifully transcribed them into my message.
I was about to hit SEND, when something made me pause. Delightful as it is, I don't generally use British English, and I didn't actually know what
chuffed meant. How stupid would I feel if I threw such an idiomatic word into my email only to have it turn out to be something completely other than what I assumed? You know, A-S-S-U-M-E: making an ass out of you and me. (Though in this case it would be me alone.)
So I did the right thing. I looked it up.
1. chuffed [chuhft]–adjective British Informal.
delighted; pleased; satisfied.
2. chuffed [chuhft] –adjective British Informal.
annoyed; displeased; disgruntled.
Um...help?
I don't know how to deal with this. Would I be telling my email recipient that I was pleased by what he had written me or annoyed? Or both? Is that how
chuffed works-- a super-sneaky way of layering one's speech with conflicting textures and meta-messages? The ultimate in passive-aggressive power words?
Maybe
chuffed requires a modifier so that the listener gets a clue how to interpret it. So one automatically knows that
dead chuffed means
truly delighted because the word
dead carries such a strong connotation of happiness?
Despite the fact that I have been fluent in English for many years and that I probably should have learned this in 7th grade grammar, I have discovered that there are dozens of words like this in common English parlance. They are known, variously, as
auto-antonyms,
contronyms and, my favorite,
antagonyms. (Words that antagonize themselves? Or words that antagonize the reader?)
Many auto-antonyms are so common that I have never noticed their inherent contradictions and use them with reckless abandon. Their definitions sometimes depend on one's position in time or in a transaction. To
lease is to
rent, either from someone or to someone. The wind came
before the rain (in the past), but the lightening is still
before us (in the future). Simple enough.
Other contronyms are also readily understood via context.
Aloha can signify both
hello and
goodbye, but no one shouts
hello! as they are taking their leave. (Except my old friend Eddie, but he enjoyed being a smartass twerp and we all knew that.) Likewise, when someone
seeds a lemon, I never think they are planting something in it.
But several antagonyms are contrary enough to give
chuffed a run for its money. Wikipedia claims that
dollop "can mean 'a large amount' or 'a small amount' depending on its usage."
Adumbrate signifies "to disclose" as well as "to obscure". And then there is
pitted, which means both to have a pit and to be without one. (No wonder I have never understood fruit.)
Not til
chuffed came along did I recognize this linguistic pitfall for the wide and deep hole it is.
So if you have a favorite
auto-antonym, please leave it in the Comments. But more importantly, if you can share any guidance on using
chuffed with style, grace and clarity, I'd be ever so...chuffed.